ABSTRACT
"Shikuqin" [SKQ] powder consists of three Chinese herbs: Punica granatum L, Sophora flavescens Ait, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance. SKQ has been used for the treatment of diarrhea. In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of toxicity, the acute and sub-chronic toxicity and safety pharmacology of SKQ were evaluated in the present study. The result of the acute toxicity revealed that the LD50 of the valve was 28,379mg/kg.b.w, which was more than 5,000 mg/kg b.w. The 30-day sub-chronic toxicity test results revealed that compared with the control group, the clinical signs, hematology parameters and body weight of rats in each group had no significant differences. The viscera coefficient and histopathological examination results revealed that the SKQ powder could cause kidney and liver damage. In the safety pharmacology test, SKQ did not exhibit any toxicity to the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and respiratory system. In conclusion, SKQ powder could be considered safe for veterinary use
ABSTRACT
Objective:In oder to investigate the effect of Chuanmingshen violaceum polysaccharides ( CVP) and Solfated Chua-nmingshen violaceum polysaccharides ( SCVP) on immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide ( CY) in mice.Methods: CY were used to induce immunosuppression in mice;Spleen and thymus indexes were used to evaluate the immune organs indexes;the [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltet-razolium bromide,MTT] method was used to detect the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of each group;the concentrations of IFN-γand IL-2 were assayed by ELISA kit.Results: SCVP and CVP could resist immunosuppression by promoting lymphocyte proliferation, increasing the contents of IFN-γ and IL-2, promoting immune organs development in immunosuppressive mice induced by CY.Conclusion:SCVP and CVP exhibited the potential to used as immunopotentiator.
ABSTRACT
Aim To investigate the effect of flavonoids from Prinsepia utilis Royle( FPR) on the histomorphol-ogy of kidney in diabetic mice, and to investigate its protective mechanism. Methods Diabetic mice in-duced by alloxan were given FPR orally each day for four weeks. After the administration for two and four weeks, ten mice in each group were randomly sacri-ficed. The kidneys were removed and weighed. The extracted renal tissue was embedded with paraffin and sectioned, the sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE)、Periodic acid Schiff(PAS) and Go-mori, and then observed under the microscopy. 1mm3 of renal cortex fixed with glutaral in four centi-degree , and then the ultrastructure of each group was observed under the electron microscope respectively after four weeks′ treatment. Results Compared with the model control group, in the treatment group, observation un-der the microscopy showed that glomerular volume and mesangial cells reduced, FPR could relieve thickening of the glomerular basement membrane ( GBM ) , little inflammatory cells infiltrated in the interstitium,tubular epithelial cells almost became normal, renal tubule had little glucogen, fiber decreased in the interstitium of renal tubule. Observation under the electron micro-scope indicated that foot process in podocytes lined up in order, mitochondria of the renal tubule’ s epithelial cell almost recovered. Conclusion FPR can relieve the changes of renal pathology,improve renal function, and delay the progression of pathologic changes of kid-ney in diabetic mice partly through reducing the blood glucose and the blood lipid.
ABSTRACT
The UL49.5 gene of most herpesviruses is conserved and encodes glycoprotein N. However, the UL49.5 protein of duck enteritis virus (DEV) (pUL49.5) has not been reported. In the current study, the DEV pUL49.5 gene was first subjected to molecular characterization. To verify the predicted intracellular localization of gene expression, the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-C1/pUL49.5 was constructed and used to transfect duck embryo fibroblasts. Next, the recombinant plasmid pDsRed1-N1/glycoprotein M (gM) was produced and used for co-transfection with the pEGFP-C1/pUL49.5 plasmid to determine whether DEV pUL49.5 and gM (a conserved protein in herpesviruses) colocalize. DEV pUL49.5 was thought to be an envelope glycoprotein with a signal peptide and two transmembrane domains. This protein was also predicted to localize in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum with a probability of 66.7%. Images taken by a fluorescence microscope at different time points revealed that the DEV pUL49.5 and gM proteins were both expressed in the cytoplasm. Overlap of the two different fluorescence signals appeared 12 h after transfection and continued to persist until the end of the experiment. These data indicate a possible interaction between DEV pUL49.5 and gM.
Subject(s)
Animals , Ducks/virology , Genes, Viral/genetics , Mardivirus/genetics , Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Viral Envelope Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
The main component of this pill is 2-Octadecanoic acid-4-Palmitic acid-2, 4-Pentanediyl ester separated from chloroform extract of neem oil. The microcapsules coated by the re-curdle method were fabricated with an average particle size of 100-180 microm. The morphological characteristics, incorporation efficiency, carrier reclamation efficiency of the microcapsule were investigated. Kunming mice were used in the experiment, and the anti-fertility effect of the microcapsule on the histology and apoptosis was studied by light and electron microscopy and the flow cytometry. The data obtained clearly indicated that the microcapsule could lead to the payload of medicine, the incorporation efficiency being 90%. After the microcapsules were given to the male mice orally, its anti-fertility effect came into being and could keep the mice in a state of reversible infertility for a long time. The results of histological study and flow cytometry indicate that the mechanism of its anti-fertility effect involves mainly the inhibition of sperm motility and the arrest of spermatogenic process.